C major and E minor contrast through their respective notes C and B (in red and orange), each a half step apart or leading tones. The chords share two notes (in blue) however.
Bridge chord, named after en:Frank Bridge. Major chord with a minor chord a semitone above. Chord pictured followed by arpeggio with Db minor at the octave.
Melodic upper leading-tone, the subdominant/degree four (E♭) as auxiliary to the mediant/degree three (D) (in C this would be F and E♮). From the opening to Brahms Op. 56.
Melodic upper leading-tone, the subdominant/degree four (E♭) as auxiliary to the mediant/degree three (D) (in C this would be F and E♮). From the opening to Brahms Op. 56.
An example of how the subtonic serves as a secondary dominant to the mediant (in A minor: G is the dominant of C). From Bach's Chorale Ach wie flüchtig, ach wie nichtig, BWV 26. It is a reduction of the opening of the "Choral" or sixth movement.